Polycystic ovary syndrome involves an increase in the levels of estrogen, testosterone, and LH.
A decreased secretion of FSH.
Increased levels of androgens (male hormones).
Increase androgens cause irregular ovulation which can cause cysts to develop. Cysts produce more estrogen.
Not everyone with PCOS will have cysts.
Insulin resistance-Increased insulin levels cause increased levels of androgens.
Low-grade inflammation
Risk Factors
- Mexican Americans
- Insulin resistance
- Obesity
- Genetics
Symptoms
- Irregular periods
- Weight gain
- Thin hair
- Infertility
- Dark/thick skin patches
- Hirsutism—(acne and increased hair growth)
- Cysts
Diagnostic Testing
Ultrasound-look to see if they have cysts.
Blood tests-look for high levels of androgens, blood glucose levels.
Irregular periods are the most common sign of PCOS.
Nursing Interventions
- Diet, exercise, and weight loss are the first-line interventions
- Medications to cause ovulation
- Hormonal birth control
- Metformin (control insulin)
- Medications to block androgens
- Progestin therapy (regulate periods)
- Aldactone (blocks the effects of androgen on the skin)
- Vaniqa slows facial hair growth
- Electrolysis
Complications
Infertility
Type 2 diabetes
Endometrial cancer