Insulin gets glucose into the cells to be used as energy. Decreased or no insulin means glucose doesn’t get used correctly. The body starts breaking down fat to use for energy.
Ketones are a byproduct of fat breakdown. Ketones cause metabolic acidosis. Untreated it can lead to death.
The Causes of DKA
Risk Factors
*Type 1 Diabetes*
Not using insulin correctly
Infections
Heart Disease
Signs & Symptoms
- Polyuria
- Dry mouth/skin
- Polydipsia
- Confusion
- SOB
- Muscle aches
- Kussmaul’s respirations
- Fatigue
- Sweet smelling breath
Diagnosis
Blood Sugar >250mg/dL
Blood pH <7.3
Ketones in urine/blood
Chest X ray
ECG
Mnemonic for Interventions
K (potassium) monitoring
Insulin/instruction
NG tube (coma)
Glucose monitoring
Fluids IV
Monitor I & O, creatinine