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  • FDA Pregnancy Categories

    Category A No demonstrated risk to fetus in any trimester Category B No adverse effects in animals, no human studies available Category C Only prescribed after risk to fetus is considered Category D Definite fetal risks Category X Absolute fetal anomalies

  • Esophageal Varices

    Abnormal, enlarged veins in esophagus. Esophageal varices develop when normal blood flow to the liver is blocked by a clot or scar tissue in the liver. To go around the blockages, blood flows into smaller blood vessels that aren’t designed to carry large volumes of blood. The vessels can leak blood or even rupture, causing…

  • Diuretics

    Loop Diuretics *Block sodium and chloride to prevent water reabsorption *Work in the ascending Loop of Henle *Causes extensive diuresis Adverse Effects DehydrationHyponatremiaHypochloremiaHPTNOtotoxicityHypokalemiaDecreased calcium and magnesium Nursing Interventions Monitor lab values especially electrolytes Vital signs especially BPI &OEducate about increasing potassium in diet Monitor blood sugar levelsAssess for weight loss, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, skin turgor,…

  • Types of Lochia

    Different Types of Lochia Postpartum vaginal discharge Rubra Serosa Alba Lochia FACTS May be increased in the morning & with exertion C-sections have less lochia and clots Should never go backwards

  • Cranial Nerves

    1. Olfactory(Smell)2. Optic(Vision)3. Oculomotor (Eye Movement, Pupil constriction/dilation) 4. Trochlear (Eye movement, down and inward)5. Trigeminal (Facial Nerve, Jaw Movement)6. Abducens (Lateral eye movement)7. Facial (Facial Expression)8. Auditory (Hearing)9. Glossopharyngeal (Taste & Swallow) 10. Vagus (Sensation of pharynx, vocal cords)11. Spinal Accessory (Movement of head and shoulders) 12. Hypoglossal (Position of the tongue) Mnemonic Oh…

  • Cholecystitis

    Inflammation of the gallbladder Causes: most commonly gallstones (cholelithiasis), tumor, bile duct blockage, infection, blood vessels issues Risk Factors More common in women High fat dietObesityGenetics Age > 60 years oldType 1 diabetesLow calorie, low protein diets Signs & Symptoms Sharp pain in right upper quadrantMurphy’s Sign (pain with inspiration during right subcostal palpation)  Nausea…

  • BUN & CREATININE

    Blood Urea Nitrogen Normal Levels 7-20mg/dL Function Evaluates Kidney Function, Assesses Hydration Special Instructions Patient should limit meat intake prior to the test Elevated Renal Disease DehydrationUrinary tract Obstruction CHFDKABurns Decreased Liver Damage Overhydration Malnutrition Acromegaly Creatinine Biproduct of muscle breakdownNormal Range: Women 0.6-0.9mg/dL Men 0.8-12mg/dL GFR: How fast do your kidneys clean your blood?…

  • Bronchodilators

    Beta selective adrenergic agonists Albuterol Routes: Inhaled (short acting), or Oral (long acting) Salmeterol Route: Inhaled (long acting) They selectively activating the beta2 receptors in the lungs. This relieves bronchospasms, inhibits histamine and increased ciliary motility. Albuterol-short acting, acute asthma attacks Salmeterol-long acting for prevention of asthma attacks Salmeterol is used every 12 hours. These aren’t…

  • Arterial v. Venous Ulcers

    Arterial Ulcers- Develop due to damage to arteries, causing lack of blood flow to tissues Venous Ulcers –Damage to the veins caused by insufficient return of blood back to the heart Signs & Symptoms Arterial Ulcers NO discharge DeepWeak or absent pulse  NO edemaSmooth, round sores Perfect punch out appearanceNO bleedingCool to the touch Hairless skinAppear…

  • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

    Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your veins and arteries to lower your blood pressure and make it easier for your heart to pump blood. They block the action of angiotensin 2 in the body resulting in vasodilation, excretes sodium and water and retention of K+ Angiotensin is a chemical in your body that narrows your…