Hypercalcemia is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is too high. Too much calcium causes weak bones, can create kidney stones, and interfere with your heart and brain.
What does Calcium do?
- Formation of bone and teeth
- Muscle contraction
- Blood clotting
- Normal heart rhythm
99% of the body’s calcium is stored in the bones
Hormonal Regulation
Parathyroid hormone
Causes the kidneys to decrease Calcium in urine
GI tract absorbs more Calcium
Bones release Calcium
Kidneys activate Vitamin D
Calcitonin
Decreased Calcium levels by slowing bone breakdown
Causes
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Cancer
- TB
- Immoblity
- Genetics
- Dehydration
- Medications ex/ Lithium
- Too much Vitamin D and Calcium
Diagnosis
- Blood test
- Chest x-ray
- Genetic testing
Nursing Interventions
IV fluids
Diuretics
Surgery to remove overactive gland
Dialysis
Monitor Calcium levels
Assess GI, kidneys, heart, neurological system
Assess for pain
Medications (Calcitonin, Bisphonates, Prelia, Calcimimetics, Prednisone)
Complications
- Osteoporosis
- Kidney stones
- Kidney failure
- Arrhythmias
Mnemonic for Signs & Symptoms
Bone pain/Brain issues (confusion)
Arrhythmias
Cardiac Arrest
Kidney Stones
Muscle weakness
Excessive Urination