Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
The immune system produces antibodies to defend against foreign substances. In anaphylaxis the immune system overreacts.
Signs & Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Constriction of the airways
- A weak and rapid pulse
- Dizziness
- Hives/itchy
- Shortness of breath
Starts 5-30 minutes after exposure
Biphasic-2nd wave of symptoms. Can be hours to days later
Common Triggers
- Peanuts
- Shellfish
- Penicillin
- Pollen
- Stings (bees, wasps)
- Latex
Some people are so sensitive that even the smell or cross contamination can trigger a reaction
Treatment
- EpiPen-Epinephrine is the most effective treatment for anaphylaxis, and the shot should be given right away
- Pregnant patients should lie on their left side
- Trendelenburg Position (increase blood pressure)
- IM or SUBQ
- IV antihistamines and cortisone
- Albuterol
- Oxygen
- Intubation
- Tracheostomy
Complications
- brain damage
- kidney failure
- arrhythmias
- death
Prevention
- Wear a medical alert bracelet
- Keep an emergency kit
- Read labels
- Use caution around insects
- Get allergy tested